Discussions on the signs
and symptoms of drugs and alcohol abuse can lead employers to believe
that the physical and behavioural changes are immediately obvious.
Just the fact workers test positive for substances during random drug
and
alcohol testing, to the great
surprise of co-workers and the employer, is a good indication that
some people are good at hiding their problems. People normally do not
drink or use an illicit drug and suddenly become addicted. It is a
process with progressively worsening signs and symptoms. Without drug
and alcohol testing, an employer may not discover a worker has a
problem until it is too late. The worker experiences an injury, makes
a scene, has a life-threatening episode, threatens a co-worker, or
otherwise exhibits extreme emotions and behaviours. Until that point
in time, few or no signs may be noticeable. It is just one more
reason why drug and alcohol testing programs are so important.
The progressive signs of
substance abuse may be fairly rapid or quite slow. A lot depends on
the person. Almost all addictive drugs directly or indirectly
increase the release of dopamine by the brain’s neurons. However,
though the pace of progression is unique to each person, one thing is
certain: The vast majority of people will experience increasingly
worse physical, behavioural, and emotional symptoms.
One of the most
interesting findings by researchers is that there is a poor
correlation between states of pleasure, as described by the substance
abuser, and the actual drug use. This is another way of saying a
person taking larger and larger amounts of drugs do not report
feeling more pleasure. In fact, the more drugs taken, the less
euphoric the experience, according to drug addicts.1 This
is one of the progression symptoms of a chronic drug user, though it
may not be apparent to the employer or co-workers at first. What
happens is that the person takes larger amounts of drugs in a search
for the euphoria once felt, and that will eventually cause physical
and mental issues.
Correlating Substance
Abuse and Job Performance
The typical progression of
substance addiction is fairly well known. People at first use the
drugs to relieve periodic stress or to see what it is like to “get
high.” As the person continues using the drugs or alcohol, he or
she begins to sneak its use, experiences bouts of depression, and
starts to lose interest in normal activities. As the addiction takes
hold, the person will refuse to talk about drugs or alcohol, cannot
seem to stop its use, starts eating poorly, and begins to isolate
from others. Finally, the addict becomes fixated on the drug or
alcohol addiction and blames everyone else for their problems.
How does this progression
correlate to job performance decline? Assume someone has a good job
performance history, gets along well with others, and is dependable.
When that person starts using drugs and alcohol on a routine basis,
the visible signs and symptoms are in comparison to normal behaviour.
In the early phase, the worker will begin to make more mistakes,
start being late to work, and begins to have problems with
co-workers. The lies start almost immediately. The employer may
suspect something is wrong fairly quickly because employees who lie
are often caught in those lies.
In the next phase of
substance abuse, job performance continues to decline. The normal
work pace is not maintained, and the person becomes undependable. To
avoid co-workers’ suspicions, the worker begins to avoid contact
with them and stops joining groups of workers in the lunch room or
stops attending voluntary group activities. A change in attitude is
typical with resentments growing. Usually, a substance abuser gets
defensive and overreacts to any imagined or real criticism. Someone
who has never had money problems may ask to borrow money from
co-workers or request a pay advance. As time progresses, the job
performance falls far below expectations and the person becomes
noticeably agitated at times. The workers disappears for periods of
time, takes a lot of time off work, and goes to lunch but does not
return. The worker is completely undependable. At this stage, the
worker may begin to have legal problems like being stopped for
driving whilst drunk or domestic problems that spill over into the
workplace. There are signs of aggression. In the late phase of
addiction, there are now visible physical signs of deterioration. The
employer may discipline the worker for poor job performance but
nothing improves. By now there is a good chance the worker is using
drugs or alcohol in the workplace. The worker becomes incompetent.2,3
Recognising the Truth
Employers choosing to
adopt
drug alcohol testing policy and
procedures are recognising that substance use is not always
detectable. It may take a while for the drug or alcohol abuse to
become evident. In the meantime, the substance abuser is a threat to
workplace health and safety, and is creating untold issues concerning
job performance and worker relations.
Random
drug and alcohol testing is important to every employer and in every
employer location. There is no reason to wait for substance abusers
to deteriorate to the point where substance abuse is visibly
noticeable or work performance is unacceptable. NATA accredited,
Mediscreen (mediscreen.net.au)
offers expert drug screening services wherever people are working and
helps thousands of employers learn about drug or alcohol use in the
workplace long before it becomes a problem.
This article has been taken from : http://www.mediscreen.net.au/progressive-indications-of-drug-and-alcohol-abuse/